<p>The Mount Vernon Triangle Historic District is a historic district in the Mount Vernon Triangle neighborhood of Washington, D.C., consisting of 22 contributing residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, and one known archaeological site. The area was once a working class neighborhood for mostly German immigrants and home to semi-industrial enterprises such as a dairy and an automobile repair shop. The Northern Liberty Market that once stood on the corner of 5th Street and K Street NW played a large role in spurring development in the surrounding area as did the streetcars on Massachusetts Avenue and New York Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 2005 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. The 22 buildings in the district were constructed between 1869 and 1946. Two of the buildings included in the historic designation process, 470 and 472 K Street NW, collapsed in 2014. Many of the buildings in the district have undergone a restoration process. Prather&#39;s Alley, which was once lined with dwellings, stables, and industrial businesses, is being redeveloped into a place for community residents to gather.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Mount Vernon Triangle Historic District is located in the Mount Vernon Triangle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The neighborhood boundaries are Massachusetts Avenue NW on the south, New Jersey Avenue NW on the east, New York Avenue NW on the north, and 7th Street NW on the west. The boundaries of the much smaller historic district are Massachusetts Avenue NW on the south, Prather&#39;s Alley on the east, K Street NW on the north, and mid-block between 5th and 6th Streets NW on the east. Milian Park, on Reservation 74, is also within the district boundaries.</p><br>
<p>The majority of buildings in the district are near the intersection of 5th and K Streets.</p><br>
<p>There are 22 contributing buildings in the historic district. They are located on both sides of the 900 block of 5th Street, the 400 block of K Street, the 400 block of I (Eye) Street, and on the 400 block of Massachusetts Avenue. There is an archaeological site on the northeast corner of 5th and I Streets and a strong possibility of undiscovered additional artifacts along 5th Street and I Street. There was one non-contributing building in the historic district when the survey was taken in 2006, 459 I Street, but that has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>There are three additional historic sites within the neighborhood but outside the historic district boundaries. They are the Emily Wiley House at 3rd and I Streets, Second Baptist Church on the 800 block of 3rd Street, and the Jefferson Apartment Building on the 300 block of H Street.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>Prior to the Civil War the present-day Mount Vernon Triangle neighborhood was composed of simple frame dwellings occupied by tradespeople. At the time the area was called "Burch&#39;s Hill", named after early settler Captain Samuel Burch who had built a house in the vicinity. The Northern Liberties Market on Mount Vernon Square, built in 1845, slowly increased development in the neighborhood, mostly along I Street and Massachusetts Avenue. The market attracted shopkeepers and tradespeople to live in the area.</p><br>
<p>In 1872 the market was demolished and vendors purchased a lot on the northeast corner of 5th and K Streets to erect a new a building. The Northern Liberty Market opened in 1875 with 284 vending stalls and had a profound effect on development in Mount Vernon Triangle. Merchants and craftsmen moved into newly constructed buildings near the market. Most of these new residents were German, Irish, and Jewish immigrants, while African Americans lived in alley dwellings.</p><br>
<p>Several buildings constructed during this time period are in the historic district. The Italianate pair of buildings at 444 and 446 K Street, constructed in 1874, housed working class people, including immigrants from Russia, Austria, Germany, Ireland, and England. That same year the Italianate residence at 924 5th Street was built. John E. Wyess, a prominent German immigrant, built a Second Empire style house at 453 I Street as an investment property. The letter "W" was incised into the window pediment and is still visible today. Wyess rented the building to an architect working for the Architect of the Capitol and a fellow German immigrant, Charles Herman, who lived there until constructing the adjoining house at 455 I Street in 1883. The building at 921 5th Street, known as the Kiefer House, was built in 1878 for German immigrant and tailor Conrad Kiefer. It was most likely constructed by Henry Klinge, a German immigrant builder and contractor.</p><br>
<p>During the 1880s there was substantial improvements throughout the neighborhood and city thanks to Board of Public Works leader Alexander "Boss" Shepherd. In 1884 a horse-drawn streetcar began offering service along Massachusetts Avenue and 4th Street, and four years later, the city&#39;s first electric streetcar line was installed on New York Avenue. Even though the neighborhood had access to public transportation, it did not develop like similar areas in the city. Instead of blocks of middle class rowhouses, most of the buildings constructed in the historic district and surrounding neighborhood were single or adjoining homes, light industrial facilities, or small commercial structures.</p><br>
<p>This decade also saw the growth of commercial activity in Prathers Alley, which is located in the city block bounded by 4th, 5th, I, and K Streets. The alley had been lined with dwellings for African Americans and stables, but during the 1880s several commercial buildings replaced these structures. These included a tinners shop and a bakery owned by German immigrant Charles Schneider. His business became very successful and would become one of the city&#39;s largest bakeries.</p><br>
<p>The historic district&#39;s surviving buildings from the 1880s include an Italianate house at 468 K Street, constructed for Joseph A. Baur in 1883 and designed by John Beha. Baur operated a stove store around the corner at 931 5th Street, one of three adjoining Italianate buildings constructed in 1883 and 1885 by John McDermott, a carriage builder and real estate developer. These buildings, historically known as the McDermott Shops, are on the corner of 5th and K Streets and are considered the most prominent structures in the historic district. In 1887 Charles W. King, a speculative real estate developer, built three adjoining Queen Anne style rowhouses on what was considered a nicer area of the neighborhood, Massachusetts Avenue. The three buildings, 457 and 459 Massachusetts Avenue and 833 5th Street, are located beside Milian Park. King lived in the center building that features a tower until around 1895 and rented out or sold the adjoining properties.</p><br>
<p>There is one building from the 1890s that is still standing in the historic district. The small Romanesque Revival apartment building at 915 5th Street was constructed in 1892 by Charles Edmonston, a contractor and builder. Edmonston and his nephew Samuel were responsible for building several prominent homes in the city, including the adjoining Hay-Adams House for John Hay and Henry Adams, now the site of the Hay–Adams Hotel, and the Sherman mansion, now the Embassy of Kazakhstan.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>By the early 1900s Mount Vernon Triangle was home to a variety of working class ethnic and racial groups. Northern Liberty Market continued to flourish and there was a variety of skilled trade services offered in the area. In 1904 John J. Bowles moved his dairy bottling business from H Street to Prather&#39;s Alley. He chose German architect Julius Germuiller to design his new 5,000 square feet (465 sq m) bottling plant, where he ran his business until 1925. Bowles lived at the now-demolished 458 K Street and selected Germuiller to design adjoining buildings. The Romanesque Revival 460 K Street was constructed in 1904 and stood in front of his newly completed bottling plant. The building housed workers at his plant unlike the Romanesque Revival 462 K Street, also designed by Germuiller, that was constructed in 1906 and catered to middle class residents. A frame house where 15 African Americans lived was demolished to make way for 462 K Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1912 William Beuchert, who lived at the now-demolished 430 K Street and owned a stable on Prather&#39;s Alley, chose B.F. Snelling to design a blacksmith shop in the alley. Three years later he added a warehouse to the existing structure and in 1919, added an automobile repair shop, Central Auto Works, that replaced a house at 451 I Street. His last addition to the property was completed in 1930 when his repair shop was expanded again. The blacksmith shop, warehouse, and Central Auto Works properties were combined and now appear as one continuous building.</p><br>
<p>The increase in automobile usage and location between two major avenues resulted in many residential buildings in the Mount Vernon Triangle being demolished and replaced with gas stations and repair shops. This led to some of the remaining residents to leave for a more traditional neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>After the Center Market on Pennsylvania Avenue was demolished in 1931, many of its vendors relocated to Northern Liberty Market or had to find space elsewhere when there were no vending stalls available. Business partners and Russian Jewish immigrants Morris Wittlin and Samuel Deckelbaum saw this opportunity and chose A.S.J. Atkinson to design a Mediterranean Revival style commercial property containing five storefronts and office space. The Wittlin-Deckelbaum Building, at 500-506 K Street NW and catty-corner to the Northern Liberty Market, offered modern amenities including central electric refrigeration and a temperature-controlled meat cutting sector and was an early example of the supermarket.</p><br>
<p>The last buildings in the historic district to be constructed were built in 1936 and 1946. J. Edward Fowler selected architect Thomas M. Medford to design the small commercial buildings at 917-919 5th Street and 923 5th Street. James A. Beasley, Jr. ran a poultry shop at 917-919 5th Street for 25 years. Horace Lloyd operated a fish shop out of 923 5th Street but by 1938 it was a clothes cleaning business owned by Daniel Baldomino. The building at 925-929 5th Street was designed by W. Ellis Groben and completed in 1946. The owner was the Union Distributing Company and the building housed a meat market and distribution center. The company operated a storefront in the Wittlin-Deckelbaum Building across the street.</p><br>
<p>By 1946 many of the longtime residents had left the neighborhood and most of the remaining residential buildings were operated as boarding houses. That year a massive fire broke out at Northern Liberty Market, which had been renamed the New Center Market. Although the market eventually reopened, many vendors left which resulted in a further decline of the neighborhood. Many of the remaining buildings in Mount Vernon Triangle were demolished and replaced with parking lots after streetcar service on New York Avenue ended in 1949. The construction of Interstate 395, closing of the New Center Market in 1963, and destruction of property during the 1968 riots had a long-lasting effect on the area.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>In the late 20th century and early 2000s Mount Vernon Triangle had a reputation for being home to prostitutes, derelict buildings, and parking lots. The old McDermott Shops at 5th and K Streets operated as a strip club. While the Walter E. Washington Convention Center near the neighborhood&#39;s western edge was being built, community and local business leaders put forth a plan to redevelop Mount Vernon Triangle.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Vernon Triangle Historic District was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites on November 17, 2005, and the National Register of Historic Places on September 19, 2006. The historic districts nomination form states: "These buildings - the sole surviving, intact collection of historic buildings in an area that is under intense re-development with contemporary high-rise condominiums and apartment buildings - stand out for their historic associations, most readily apparent in the buildings modest size and scale, in their generally vernacular appearance, and in the wide variety and increasingly rare building types they exhibit. Together, these buildings bespeak the historic character of this semi-industrial/commercial and residential working-class neighborhood."</p><br>
<p>In 2014, two of the contributing buildings in the historic district, 470 and 472 K Street NW, collapsed and caused damage to the adjoining strip club. The remaining portion of the collapsed buildings were soon demolished. The damage was repaired and the strip club reopened in 2018.</p><br>
<p>Development continued in the neighborhood and with that, a changing demographic and continued restoration of buildings in the historic district. The adjoining houses and former Central Auto Works on I Street were restored and incorporated into the 455 Eye Street residential building. The former blacksmith&#39;s shop was converted into the apartment lounge, the former garage now serves as a restaurant, and the rowhouses contain four rental units.</p><br>
<p>Prather&#39;s Alley serves as a popular shortcut for area residents. To encourage more use of the historic alley, neighborhood leaders proposed turning it into a place where community members could gather. The proposals included a performance space where movies could be played along with art projections, a marketplace with seating and art installations, and a pet recreation area. The winning proposal chosen by area residents was to install a marketplace.</p><br>
<h2>List of contributing buildings</h2><br>
<p>The Elizabeth Arden Building is an historic building, located at 1147 Connecticut Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in downtown Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1929, the former Elizabeth Arden beauty salon is an example of Georgian Revival architecture, and the city&#39;s only known design of architect Mott B. Schmidt. The Elizabeth Arden Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It was renovated for the Tiny Jewel Box store in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Lockkeeper&#39;s House is the oldest building on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1837 at what is now the southwest corner of 17th Street, NW and Constitution Avenue, NW, near Constitution Gardens.</p><br>
<p>The building dates to a period when the south end of 17th Street, NW was a wharf and Constitution Avenue, NW was the location of a section of the Washington City Canal, which connected the Potomac and Anacostia rivers. An eastward extension of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C&O Canal) met the Potomac River and the Washington City Canal at a canal lock.</p><br>
<p>The 350 square foot house served the canal lock keeper, who collected tolls, recorded commerce, maintained the canal and managed traffic. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The C & O Canal was extended between 1832 and 1833, to connect to the Washington City Canal.</p><br>
<p>The lockkeeper&#39;s house was built in 1837 for toll collecting and record keeping, only to be abandoned in 1855 with the demise of the canal 30 years after its construction &mdash; which by then had ceded transportation of heavy goods to the nascent railroads and deteriorated into an open sewer.</p><br>
<p>In disrepair, the building became a squatters&#39; tenement and in 1903 was partially renovated as a headquarters for the United States Park Police, with a holding cell. The house was relocated west in 1915 and aligned in its original east-west orientation parallel to B Street, NW (now Constitution Avenue, NW), which had been constructed above former sections of the Washington Canal and of the C&O Canal Extension after the covering of the two canals. Changes made to the structure at the time included removal of the original brick chimneys and their replacement with shorter stone chimneys.</p><br>
<p>On July 4, 1928, the Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks installed a historical plaque on the building&#39;s exterior. In 1940, the first floor of the building was used as rest rooms then used as storage. It ultimately sat boarded up for forty years. As the intersection grew, street and sidewalk traffic encroached increasingly on the house until the traffic became adjacent to the house.</p><br>
<p>In October 2017, a National Park Service (NPS) contractor moved the building 36 ft to the south and 35 ft to the west (away from Constitution Avenue, NW, and 17th Street, NW) while retaining the structures east-west orientation. The NPS restored the buildings exterior to its pre-1915 modifications and replaced the structure&#39;s brick chimneys, thus restoring the building to its original 1800s appearance. The building reopened temporarily in late August 2018 and permanently on September 13 of that year.</p><br>
<p>The house now serves in its new location as an NPS education center as part of the first phase of a renovation of Constitution Gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Pictures</h2><br>
<h3>1900s</h3><br>
<h3>2000s</h3><br>
<p>The Sun Building  is a historic building, located at 1317 F Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Downtown Washington, D.C. neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was designed by Alfred B. Mullett and constructed from 1885 to 1887, by John H. Howlett.</p><br>
<p>It was built for the Washington Bureau of the Baltimore Sun.</p><br>
<p>The nine-story building was served by steam elevators, which were replaced by hydraulics in 1909, and electric elevators in 1922. It was altered, in 1904 by B. Stanley Simmons for the American Bank.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, the ninth story was added as the Interstate Commerce Commission Hearing Room.</p><br>
<p>Tenants included the Interstate Commerce Commission, Woodrow Wilson&#39;s law firm, Daniel C. Roper, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.</p><br>
<p>The Sun Building was restored in 1983 by architects Abel & Weinstein. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 27, 1985. Its 2009 property value is $13,931,970.</p><br>
<p>Tremont Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church in the Bronx, New York City. The church was built in two phases between 1904 and 1912. It is a one-story building above a raised basement in the Late Gothic Revival style. It is 50 feet tall with a 75 foot tall offset corner tower. It is faced in gray marble, and features buttressed bays, pointed arch door and window openings, a high-pitched gable roof, and stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>North Hillsdale Methodist Church, also known as North Hillsdale United Methodist Church and Wesleyan Chapel of North Hillsdale, is a historic Methodist church located at North Hillsdale in Columbia County, New York. It was built between 1837 and 1838, and is a one-story, timber-frame building in the Greek Revival style. A steeple and monumental portico were added in 1859, and a mixed use addition was built on the rear in 1959. The portico features four Doric order columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Morrison and Clark Houses  are historical buildings, located at 1013–1015 L Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Mount Vernon Square neighborhood. The Morrison-Clark Inn is recognized as a Historic Hotel of America by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Italianate homes were constructed in 1865. Daniel L. Morrison was a government supplier during the Civil War, and Reuben B. Clark was jail commissioner.</p><br>
<p>The Women&#39;s Army and Navy League bought the Morrison home in 1923, operated it as an enlisted club.</p><br>
<p>First Ladies hosted teas as fund-raisers, beginning with Grace Coolidge, and including Mamie Eisenhower and Jacqueline Kennedy.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, in 1943, the club served more than 45,000 visitors, and 85,000 meals.</p><br>
<p>The building was renovated in 1987, by William Adair. It operates as the Morrison-Clark Inn. The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Emily Wiley House is a historic building at 902 3rd Street and 301 I Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Mount Vernon Triangle neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Italianate home was constructed in 1869 to 1871. It served as Holy Rosary Church, established by Father Nicholas DeCarlo, from 1914 to 1919. During the 1920s, it was the headquarters for the National Colored Voters Union, and Smith and Robinson Club.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Farnam Mansion is a 19th-century mansion in Oneida, New York, United States. Built circa 1862, it is situated on the southwest corner of Main and Stone Streets within the city&#39;s Main-Broad-Grove Streets Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in the Italianate style, the mansions exterior features a low-pitched roof, projecting eaves supported by large decorative cornice brackets, tall windows with ornate pediments, bay windows at the north and south sides of the house, and a wrap-around porch at the north and east sides. A square belvedere is situated above the east side of the mansion. It has a mansard roof and a trio of arched windows on all four sides. The front entry of the mansion features a pair of arched mahogany doors with windows, hand-carved panels, and rare ornamental bronze doorknobs made by the Metallic Compression Company of Boston, which feature a highly stylized dogs face and paws. The mansions interior features eleven-foot high ceilings, ornate plaster ceiling medallions and crown mouldings, tall paneled tiger-oak doors, and two sets of paneled tiger-oak pocket doors. Three of the first floor rooms each contain a marble fireplace. The main parlor retains its original cut-crystal gasolier, which has never been converted to electricity, and an ornate pier mirror on a marble top base. A staircase leads to the second floor where there are four bedrooms, five bathrooms, a small library, nursery, and servants quarters.</p><br>
<p>A black and white photograph (circa 1970s) showing the front of the Farnam Mansion appears on page 11 of the 1976 book, Country Roads - Madison Countys Heritage: A Resource for the Future (Madison County Planning Board; Jennifer G.F. Solms and Paula A. Schoonmaker, editors). The photos caption, which refers to the mansion as the "Farnam House" states that the builders "probably copied their design from the popular pattern books which published plans for the latest architectural styles." An uncaptioned black and white drawing of the mansion appears on page 8, and a paragraph describing some of the architectural details of "Oneida&#39;s Farnam House" appears on pages 130 and 131 in the Madison County Architecture section (by Brooks Stoddard.) An excerpt from the paragraph states that the mansion "features a tower topped by overhanging cornices</p><br>
<p>supported by ornate brackets. Similarly, the windows are decorated with very heavy hood-moulds and cornices, details which add considerable richness to the building. Wrought iron designs of vines and flowers further enhance this effect." Stoddard also calls the mansion a prime example of the county&#39;s Italian Villa style of architecture which began circa 1850 as part of the Alexander Jackson Davis and Andrew Jackson Downing innovations.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original owner of the mansion was a wealthy businessman named Stephen Head Farnam, after whom the house was named. In addition to being a successful hardware store owner and president of the National State Bank, Mr. Farnam was also a proprietor of the Little Falls Axe Factory, the president of the Glenwood Cemetery Association, and one of the organizers and first directors of the Oneida Gas Light Company. He died at home on November 17, 1897, after suffering a stroke. His obituary described him as "a well-known and highly esteemed citizen and merchant" of Oneida, and also "a self-made man and the architect of his own fortunes." (Other members of the Farnam family who have died in the mansion include Stephens first wife, Elizabeth; their son Frederick James, who died of consumption in 1892 at the age of thirty-one; and Stephens sister Sarah Robinson, who died after a week&#39;s illness of dysentery at the age of 80.)</p><br>
<p>In October 1913 Stephen Farnams widowed second wife, Sarah, sold the mansion to Mary Dyer Jackson, an early activist in the womens suffrage movement. Miss Jackson, who founded the Progress Club in 1889 and became a charter member of the Madison County Historical Society in 1898, was well known on a regional scale for being the first woman in Central New York to circulate a petition asking the New York State Legislature to grant women the right to vote. Just five months after purchasing the mansion, Jackson sold the property and moved out.</p><br>
<p>In March 1914, Dr. Robert Lewis Crockett and his wife Mabel took ownership of the mansion. Dr. Crockett was a distinguished physician and surgeon who served as the 8th mayor of Oneida from 1916 to 1917 before leaving for military service in the first World War. He was also a naturalist who made a hobby of collecting wild plants and flower specimens, and was a member of three noted Syracuse University expeditions into Mexico, South America, and Canada. One of his favorite pastimes was taking field trips to the wilds of the Adirondacks to seek unusual plant specimens, many of which he brought back with him and studied in a laboratory set up in the basement of his home. It was down in this laboratory, while examining botanical specimens with his wife, that he was stricken with a fatal heart attack on May 27, 1946. His widow sold the mansion to Dr. Chancellor H. Whiting in 1952, who, in turn, sold it ten years later to Dr. William M. Hummer and his wife Shirley - both of whom died in the house in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was converted into a bed and breakfast by its next owners, the Chapins, who added four bathrooms and two rooms with Jacuzzi tubs to the bedrooms on the second floor. They lived in the house for eleven years until ill health forced them to retire from innkeeping. They sold the mansion to Todd Gioeli and his wife, who used it as a single-family rental property for a number of years. In 2010 the house changed hands again with Gerri Gray as the new owner.</p><br>
<h2>Deaths in the Farnam Mansion</h2><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The Farnam Mansion is currently owned by writer and antique dealer Gerri Gray, who, along with her husband Brian, have painstakingly worked to renovate and restore the house to its former glory. Recent renovations to the mansion include a new back porch constructed in July 2014, a complete remodel of the first floor bathroom in January 2016, and exterior brick replacement on the front of the house in July 2016.</p><br>
<p>In 2010 they opened their doors to the public as a bed and breakfast called the Collinwood Inn. Themed after the 1960s gothic daytime drama, Dark Shadows, and decorated with antiques and various Dark Shadows memorabilia, the inn offered guests the choice of four rooms named after the television show&#39;s main characters: Barnabas, Angelique, Josette, and Quentin. In 2013 the bed and breakfast ceased operation, and all public events and guided tours of the mansion were discontinued. The house is now used as a single family dwelling, and the Grays occasionally host private paranormal investigations and seances there.</p><br>
<p>In 2023, a portion of the house was converted into a family-run antiques and collectibles shop called Victorian Lady Antiques. It opened its doors to the public on June 3rd of that year.</p><br>
<p>The James Greer Bankhead House, also known simply as the Greer Bankhead House and Forest Home, is a historic house in Sulligent, Alabama. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 13, 1975. It is the only site listed on the National Register in Lamar County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bankhead family came to Lamar County in 1818 from Union County, South Carolina. The Greer Bankhead House was built circa 1850 by James Greer Bankhead, a veteran of the Mexican–American War. James Greers son, John H. Bankhead, was born at the Bankhead plantation on September 13, 1842, prior to the construction of this house. He would eventually serve in the United States Congress for 33 years. His sons, William B. Bankhead and John H. Bankhead II, were born in the house and both served in Congress as well. John H. Bankheads granddaughter, the daughter of William B. Bankhead, was the award-winning American actress, Tallulah Bankhead.</p><br>
<p>The Greer Bankhead House was added to Alabamas Places in Peril, a list of the most endangered historic sites within the state, in 2010. It was noted to be in danger due to deferred maintenance and vandalism at that time. Since being listed, the Greer Bankhead Preservation and Restoration Project has spearheaded an effort to protect the house from vandalism and is raising funds to stabilize and restore the historic structure. The Greer Bankhead Preservation and Restoration Project had its proposal to deed the house to the Lamar County Historical Society rejected by the houses owner, John Bagwell. Recently the house was savagely attacked by vandals who destroyed many of the houses original windows. The Greer Bankhead Preservatioon and Restoration Projects Facebook page remains active in the hope that this historic property can still be saved.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was built as a dogtrot house, with an open breezeway on the ground floor, but it was later enclosed. The house now takes the form of an I-house, a house-type also known in the South as Plantation Plain. It has a two-story, gable roofed main portion and one-story, shed roofed portions on the front and rear. There are two large chimneys in each gable end, which taper at the base of the pediment. A similar, smaller chimney sits on the northern side of the rear shed roof portion; a similar chimney on the south side was knocked over in a 1933 tornado. The shed roofed front porch is supported by six square columns. Windows on the main block are all nine-over-six sashes, while there are four-over-four windows on the rear portion. On each floor, the main block has two rooms on either side of a central stair hall. The rear portion is split into three rooms. A kitchen and dining room were in a wing on the south portion of the house, but were also destroyed in the 1933 tornado.</p><br>
<p>The Paul Shoup House, also known as the Shoup House, is a historic residence in Los Altos, Santa Clara County, California, United States. It was built as an American Craftsman- and Shingle-style home in 1910 for railroad executive Paul Shoup. In 2011 it was designated a historic site by the National Register of Historic Places; the first such designation in Los Altos.</p><br>
<h2>Building site and architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The wood shingle-clad building originally occupied a trapezoidal lot that crossed Adobe Creek. The building now sits on reduced acreage that retains its relationship with the creek, surrounded by denser residential development.</p><br>
<p>A century after its construction, the house retains many original wooden windows and wooden decorative features such as brackets, bell eaves, decorative vents, and a dramatic overall form. Hardscape features including the concrete retaining wall and a stone grotto were still in place.</p><br>
<p>The original front door, antique Venetian light, Douglas fir floors, paneling, beams, fireplace mantels, door and window trim, brass hardware, and antique glazing are intact in the foyer, dining and living rooms. The Douglas fir door trim throughout the house is six inches wide with a curved radius: a transitional design bridging the Victorian and American Craftsman styles.</p><br>
<h2>Residents</h2><br>
<p>Paul Shoup (1874–1946) was president and later vice-chairman of the Southern Pacific Railroad in the 1920s and 1930s, a founding board member of the Stanford University School of Business, and founder of the community of Los Altos.</p><br>
<p>Shoup&#39;s son Carl Sumner Shoup lived in the home in his youth, riding his horse to school. Carl was a Columbia University economist considered the intellectual father of the value-added tax (VAT). At the request of General Douglas MacArthur, Carl led the Shoup Mission that recommended the tax policy adopted by the Diet of Japan in 1950 during the economic reconstruction of Japan after World War II.</p><br>
<p>Living with Shoup garden caretaker Shoichi Kagawa on the property was his eldest son Bunichi Kagawa. Influenced by Los Altan and Stanford professor Yvor Winters, issei Bunichi Kagawa became a writer penning poetry in both his native Japanese and in English, collected in the 1930 volume Hidden Flame.</p><br>
<h2>Rehabilitation and celebrations</h2><br>
<h3>Rehabilitation</h3><br>
<p>The city approved a restoration of the home in time to be completed for the centennial. Changes were made to the interior of the house, bringing the house up to modern earthquake, plumbing, and electrical codes while reconfiguring the non-historic kitchen and bathrooms. Lead paint was stripped, and the wood stained to match the basement door finish, unchanged through the years. The Japanese-influenced garden was designed with plants that would have been used in the 1920s and dry-set stonework was used for landscape terracing.</p><br>
<h3>Centennial celebration</h3><br>
<p>After the rehabilitation was complete, the house was blessed by a local Catholic priest, During the centennial weekend, archival materials were opened for review at the Los Altos History Museum.</p><br>
<h3>Garden dedications</h3><br>
<p>The Los Altos History Museum and the current homeowners recognized Rose Wilson Shoup, the wife of Paul Shoup, by dedicating a rose garden to the original "Mother of Los Altos.".</p><br>
<p>In May 2011 the historic grotto across Adobe Creek from the house was dedicated to Shoichi Kagawa who was the chief gardener and caretaker of the Japanese garden. He and his family lived on the property until they were sent to Heart Mountain to be interned during World War II.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>Homeowners Bill and Tricia Jennings applied for National Register status on behalf of the Paul Shoup House with assistance from Garavaglia Architecture, Inc. of San Francisco. Their application was successful and the house was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 23, 2011; the first Los Altos property to be added into the register. The house&#39;s nomination to the National Register was based on the significance of the original owner, Paul Shoup.</p><br>
<p>The Mackinac Trail–Carp River Bridge is a bridge located on H-63  over the Carp River in St. Ignace Township, Michigan. It is the oldest bridge in Mackinac County, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1913, road improvement began on the Mackinac Trail a state trunkline highway connecting St. Ignace and Sault Ste. Marie. The improvement project included both grading the road surface and upgrading the bridges along the roadway. For one of these bridges, which carried the Mackinac Trail over the Carp River, the Michigan State Highway Department designed a 60 ft concrete arch bridge in 1919. The department awarded the contract to construct the bridge to A. S. Decker of Flint, Michigan, who completed work on the bridge in 1920.</p><br>
<p>This section of the Mackinac Trail was later incorporated into USA Highway 2 (US 2) increasing the traffic flow across the bridge. In response, in 1929–30, new guardrails were added to the bridge, the deck was widened by 5 ft, and new approaches of decorative cobblestone were constructed. The section of US 2 was later replaced by Interstate 75, and the Mackinac Trail was redesignated as a county road, later numbered H-63.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the bridge was considered for demolition. However, it was decided in 2010 to refurbish the bridge instead. Weakened concrete was replaced, drains installed, and the roadway was widened by another 5 ft. The Mackinac Trail–Carp River Bridge still carries local traffic.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mackinac Trail–Carp River Bridge is an arch bridge, 60 ft in length, with a roadway width of 27 ft. The arch sits on large concrete abutments with angled wingwalls. The roadway approaches are flanked with cobblestone retaining walls. The original guardrail was removed during the 1929–30 road widening and replaced with ornamental steel rails with concrete bulkheads. This rail design, although called a "standard" design, appears to be unique among surviving bridges in Michigan. The Mackinac Trail–Carp River Bridge is one of the few remaining arch bridges constructed by the Michigan State Highway Department during its early period of design and construction.</p><br>
<p>The Mikulich General Store is a commercial building located at the junction of County Roads 1 and 44 in Limestone Township, Traunik, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, Traunik developed as the center of a large Slovenian community, who settled on land that at the time had been recently logged. In 1922 William J. Kehoe, a logging camp operator and former teacher, purchased 2.6 acres in Traunik for $75. Kehoe hired a local Native American carpenter known as "Wild Bill" Copeland (or Coplin) to build a store on the site; construction took place in 1922–23. However, soon after the store opened, a new school was built nearby, and Kehoe resumed his teaching career. Kehoe sold the store to John Knaus Sr., who sold the store again in 1926 to Louis Mikulich Sr. In 1927, Mikulich became postmaster of Traunik and remodelled the store and opened a post office there. The Mikulich family lived on the second floor, and the store soon became the social and economic center for the community.</p><br>
<p>Lousi Mikulich operated the store until 1961, when his son, Louis Mikulich Jr., took it over. The store later changed hands again, opening as "Lily&#39;s of Traunik," a cafe and health food store, in 2008. The store was sold again in 2010, and after extensive renovations and updating, reopened in September 2013 as the Mikulich General Store & Deli by David and Laura Coleman</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Mikulich General Store is a two-story rectangular building with a flat roof. The front facade has a recessed central entrance with two large display windows on each side. The store likely had some form of wooden siding originally; it was covered with asphalt siding in the 1920s, and later with clapboards when the asphalt began to deteriorate. The building originally rested on wooden posts, which were replaced with a concrete foundation in the 1980s. Inside, the lower floor housed the general store and post office (the original post office remains intact) and the upper floor housed living quarters for the owner. The site of the store also includes a privy, one-story grain and fuel shed, and a two-car garage and poured concrete tennis court from the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>Sampson Theatre is a historic theater building located at Penn Yan in Yates County, New York. It was built in 1910, and is a three-story, poured in place, concrete building. It measures 60 feet wide and 100 feet deep and consists of two sections; a front auditorium section and a rear stage section. Both sections are covered by gambrel roofs. The theater was originally used for vaudeville and as a movie theater. In 1929, it was converted for use as a miniature golf course, and later was used as a warehouse for tires.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Preston-Gaylord Cobblestone Farmhouse is a historic home located at Sodus in Wayne County, New York. The cobblestone dwelling was built in 1845&ndash;1846, and consists of a -story main block and -story rear wing. Both sections are constructed of irregularly sized and variously colored field cobbles. Also on the property is a contributing two-story cobblestone carriage house dated to 1845&ndash;1846. The structure is among the approximately 170 surviving cobblestone buildings in Wayne County. The house is now used as a bed and breakfast known as the Maxwell Creek Inn Bed & Breakfast.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Alasa Farms, also known as the Sodus Bay Shaker Tract and Sodus Bay Phalanx, is a historic farm complex located near the hamlet of Alton in Wayne County, New York. The farm complex was originally built and occupied by the Sodus Bay Shakers, an official branch of the United Society of Believers in Christ&#39;s Second Appearing, from 1826 to 1838. Between 1844 and 1846, the property was home to the Sodus Bay Phalanx of the Fourier Society, a group devoted to establishing utopian communities based on communal living. After 1846, the property lay vacant until 1868. It became a large scale, "model farm" in the early-20th century, being named Alasa Farms in 1924, by its owner Alvah Griffin Strong, grandson of Henry A. Strong.</p><br>
<p>The property includes the contributing resources: the Main House and Deacon&#39;s House, large frame houses both built by the Shakers in 1833-1834; three gambrel roofed frame barns; board and batten barn (c. 1840s); pony barn; granary (1932); house for bachelor farmhands (1926); office (c. 1930); in ground pool and pool house (c. 1926); two tenant house (c. 1909); two small sheds; and a well with pump. In early 2011, Cracker Box Palace achieved ownership of Alasa Farms and it is used for farm animals of every kind to come to recover from illness, neglect or abuse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Alasa Farms 222.JPGOffice, horse barn and bachelor farmhand&#39;s house</p><br>
<p>229 Alasa Farms Deacons House.JPGDeacons House</p><br>
<p>Alasa Farms cow barn.JPGCow barn</p><br>
<p>230 Alasa Farms barn on west side of road.JPGBarn on west side of road</p><br>
<p>The Hain-Harrelson House is a historic house in Sardis, Alabama, United States. The Classical Revival style structure was completed in 1913 for J. Bruce Hain on his working plantation. The house contains roughly 8,000 ft&sup2; spread over two floors. The interior is divided on a central hall plan. The front exterior is adorned with a monumental two-story Corinthian portico with a full-width second floor balcony. The house sat vacant for more than two decades until it was purchased by Cecil Gayle and Kenneth Parker of Atlanta in 1998. They stabilized and restored the home to its original condition. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 30, 2001. The home was purchased in December 2015 by Ray and Angie Harrelson of Selma, AL.</p><br>
<p>The Wesley Plattenburg House is a historic house in Selma, Alabama. Featuring a unique combination of the Greek Revival and Italianate styles, it was completed in 1842 for Wesley Plattenburg. Plattenburg was born on April 13, 1803, in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. He had relocated to Selma and had assumed the occupation of tailor by 1829. He became a successful merchant and served on the city council of Selma for many years.</p><br>
<p>The house was once at the center of a 2,200 acre plantation that Plattenburg inherited from a close friend, Mr. Wood, upon his death. Plattenburg took up the vocation of planter after receiving the property. It was listed on Alabama&#39;s Places in Peril in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Elizabeth Public Library is the free public library of Elizabeth, New Jersey. Serving a population of approximately 127,558, its collection contains 342,305 volumes, circulating 190,581 items annually from its four locations.</p><br>
<h2>Locations</h2><br>
<p>Main Library - 11 South Broad Street</p><br>
<p>LaCorte Branch Library - 408 Palmer Street</p><br>
<p>Elmora Branch Library - 730 W. Grand Street</p><br>
<p>Elizabethport Branch Library - 102-110 Third Street</p><br>
<h2>Carnegie library building</h2><br>
<p>Elizabeths Main Library was built during the "free library movement" at the turn of the 20th century in part with the impetus of Charles N. Fowler, US Congressman from Union County. It is one of New Jerseys original thirty-six Carnegie libraries, which by the 1940s had become one of the busiest libraries of its size in the USA. Records show that millionaire Andrew Carnegie granted $130,810 made February 3, 1910, for the main and no longer existing Liberty Plaza branch libraries. Opened in 1912, the building, reminiscent of an Italian palazzo and the Boston Public Library was designed by Edward Lippincott Tilton, who had designed many other Carnegie libraries as well as the immigration station at Ellis Island. It is a contributing property to the Midtown Historic District, a state and federal historic district established in 1994–1995. The Main Library is the Federal Depository Library for Union County.</p><br>
<p>The Jefferson Historic District in the town of Jefferson, Marion County, Texas is a collection of numerous historic buildings including 56 of state significance at the time of its nomination. The district encompasses 107 acres of the southeastern portion of central Jefferson, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 1971. The district contains numerous Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks including the Marion County Courthouse that is also a State Antiquities Landmark. Many buildings are also documented in the Historic American Buildings Survey.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Listed below are some noteworthy contributing properties located within the district.</p><br>
<p>Atkins House</p><br>
<p>Rowell-DeWare Home</p><br>
<p>Sagamore</p><br>
<p>Marsh Place</p><br>
<p>Guardian Oak (Lester House)</p><br>
<p>Knightwood</p><br>
<p>Falling Leaves (Koontz-Amoss Home)</p><br>
<p>Todd-Terhune Residence</p><br>
<p>Alice Emmert House</p><br>
<p>Figures House</p><br>
<p>Presbyterian Church</p><br>
<p>Schluter Home</p><br>
<p>Brown Building</p><br>
<p>Jefferson Public Library - A Carnegie library built in 1907</p><br>
<p>Kahn Saloon</p><br>
<p>Thurman Place</p><br>
<p>Towar–Ennis Farmhouse and Barn Complex is a historic farm complex located at Lyons in Wayne County, New York. The contributing elements of the complex include a vernacular Greek Revival style farmhouse, two barns , a carriage house, a corncrib, a smoke house, a stone retaining wall, and a hitching post. The farmhouse consists of a two-story, three-bay wide, sidehall plan main block built in 1832, with a 1 1/2 story side wing added in 1852. A rear kitchen wing was added in 1986. The main barn was built in 1852. The complex is representative of rural agrarian farmsteads of the 19th and early-20th centuries in the Finger Lakes Region.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Palmyra Village Historic District is a national historic district at Palmyra in Wayne County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The district includes 207 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 7 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object. It encompasses Palmyra&#39;s commercial, civic, religious, and residential core. Most of the buildings were built between about 1830 and 1890, and is representative of a quintessential canal town in New York State. It includes the previously listed Market Street Historic District, East Main Street Commercial Historic District, and Zion Episcopal Church. New areas in the district are the Palmyra Village Civic Center Area, Four Churches Area, Swift Cemetery Area, Residential West Main Street, Palmyra Elementary School Area, Residential Cuyler Street and East and West Jackson Street, The Fairgrounds, and Residential East Main Street.</p><br>
<p>Notable buildings include the Village Hall (1866-1868), Griffith Block (c. 1893), First National Bank (1925), bandstand on the village green (c. 1906), First Methodist Church (1866-1867), Western Presbyterian Church (c. 1832), First Baptist Church (1871), St. Anne&#39;s Roman Catholic Church (1859-1870s), Alexander McKachnie House (c. 1830), Garlock Office Building, Sherburne Ford building (c. 1910), Palmyra Elementary School (1924), the Carlton Rogers House (1850s), and the Floral Hall (1856).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>2013 Downtown Fire</h2><br>
<p>On May 3, 2013, a fire started by alleged arson destroyed three historic Main Street buildings dating to the villages Erie Canal era, and water from the firefighting response damaged a fourth. The buildings were condemned on May 7 and are scheduled to be demolished by June 30. The buildings survived proposed demolition during the urban renewal era of the 1960s, and may be replaced by a new structure to be raised by one of the destroyed buildings owners.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph Old Cathedral is a parish church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City located in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. It was the seat of the Diocese of Oklahoma City-Tulsa from 1905 to 1931; and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The cathedral was severely damaged during the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rev. Nicolas F. Scallon arrived in Oklahoma City on April 22, 1889. He was the first priest to serve in the recently formed town. He located other Catholic settlers and looked for a place to celebrate Mass. For the most part in those early days Mass was celebrated in a tent that normally functioned as McGinleys General Store. Less than two weeks later three lots were purchased for $225. Construction on a church building that measured 24 by 40 feet was begun on July 1, 1889, and was completed a month later. A 650-pound bell was purchased for $101 and the first Mass was celebrated in St. Josephs Church on August 4.</p><br>
<p>By the turn of the 20th century the congregation began to outgrow its wood-frame building and plans were made for a larger church. Work began on October 19, 1901, and it was finished the following year. It was dedicated by Bishop Theophile Meerschaert of the Vicariate Apostolic of Indian Territory on December 18, 1904. The church was constructed of Coffeyville brick in the Gothic Revival style. It features a central tower with a spire that is flanked by two shorter towers that are crenellated at the top. The building measures 137 by 64 feet.</p><br>
<p>The year after the church was dedicated St. Pius X established the Diocese of Oklahoma City on August 23, 1905. St. Joseph&#39;s became the first cathedral in Oklahoma. St. Joseph continued to serve the downtown area as a parish church.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Old Cathedral was extensively damaged when a bomb exploded at the nearby Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building on April 19, 1995. Most of the stained glass windows on the east side of the church were shattered, and the pipe organ was extensively damaged. The explosion raised the roof several inches off its steel pillars and several of the rafters were broken. Plaster fell from the walls and ceiling and the painted, symbolic plaster medallions were destroyed. The church was closed for nearly two years. A statue carved from Italian marble entitled And Jesus Wept was created to commemorate the event and is adjacent to the Oklahoma City National Memorial. It was dedicated in May 1997 and the church was rededicated on December 1 of the same year.</p><br>
<p>An interfaith prayer service was held in St. Joseph&#39;s on September 12, 2001, in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Archbishop Eusebius J. Beltran said during the service, "This building was rebuilt as a sign of faith and remembrance of those people who were killed at the site of the Murrah Bombing. We gather here today to mourn the loss of our brothers and sisters in New York City and in Washington, D.C."</p><br>
<p>The Thaddeus Binford House is located in Marshalltown, Iowa. The house was built in 1874 for Thaddeus Binford, a wealthy Quaker attorney, and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Binford house was home to Jessie Florence Binford (1876-1966), daughter of Thaddeus and Angie (Beasley) Binford. Jessie Binford was a long-time Hull House resident and executive director of the Juvenile Protective Association. While at Hull House, Binford became interested in criminal justice and children&#39;s issues, becoming the Director of the Legal Aid Society when it was established at Hull House in 1906. She was known throughout the thirties, forties, and fifties for her efforts to fight the growing problem of illegal drugs. Binford was active in the fight to preserve the Harrison-Halsted neighborhood as a residential community and opposing the sale of Hull House property to the City of Chicago. Jessie Binford returned to her native Marshallown in 1963, giving away her family residence and choosing to spend her last three years in the nearby Hotel Tallcorn.</p><br>
<p>The Jed Prouty Tavern and Inn is an historic building at 57 Main Street in downtown Bucksport, Hancock County, Maine. It was built around 1780 as a two family home and was converted into a tavern and inn around 1820. In this guise it hosted prominent national figures, including Daniel Webster and Presidents Martin Van Buren and William Henry Harrison. After standing largely vacant in the later 20th century, the building was converted an assisted living facility, and presently serves as a community senior center. it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The tavern is set on the north side of Main Street in the center of Bucksport, between Central and Federal Streets. It is a large three-story wood-frame building, eight bays wide, with a side gable roof, clapboard siding, and three brick chimneys. The facade is symmetrically arranged, with two entrances under a full-width porch. The building has modest Greek Revival styling, including corner pilasters and doorway surrounds. A series of 20th-century additions extend the building to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the tavern dates to about 1783, when Asa Peabody built a two-story frame house here. In 1820 this building was purchased by a man named Sparhawk and adapted it for use as an inn and tavern, serving travelers en route between Bangor and Castine. The name "Jed Prouty" was adopted for it in the early 19th century, based on a play in which the building was featured. In about 1850 the building was substantially enlarged, with the building extended westward and the third floor added. Its Greek Revival styling probably dates to this period. Its 19th-century guests include a number of prominent national politicians, including Daniel Webster, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, Jefferson Davis, Andrew Jackson, and John Tyler. The building was still serving as an inn at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, the building was significantly modernized, including the addition of a sprinkler system, elevators and other additions needed to turn it into an elder care facility. The building was sold at auction in 2011 and is currently the Jed Prouty Assisted Living Center.</p><br>
<p>The Miller Town Hall is a two-story brick building in the Miller Beach community in Gary, Indiana, in the United States. It was constructed to serve as the administrative building for the town of Miller, incorporated in 1907, and was used for that purpose until Miller&#39;s annexation into Gary in 1918. It later served as a fire station through much of the 20th century, and is currently used for storage only.</p><br>
<p>The Miller Town Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Although the Town Hall is owned by the city, the grounds are landscaped and maintained by local volunteers, including members of the Miller Historical Society and Miller Garden Club. In 2011, the Town Hall became a flashpoint of controversy when the city government attempted to stop neighborhood volunteers from removing broken concrete from the front of the building. Although the work went forward, lead volunteer James Nowacki was charged with creating a public nuisance.</p><br>
<p>The National Union Building is a historic building, located at 918 F Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Penn Quarter neighborhood. It is currently owned by Douglas Development Corporation, and leased as an event and entertainment space</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was designed by Glenn Brown in 1890, and is an example of Romanesque architecture.</p><br>
<p>The fire proof steel frame brownstone was built for the National Union Fire Insurance Company.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, and is a contributing property to the Downtown Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It served as LivingSocial&#39;s "experience" building from 2013 - 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Union Trust Building is a nine-story office building, located at 740 15th Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. It was constructed for the Union Trust Company between 1906 and 1907. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a contributing property to the Financial Historic District. It sits on the location of Wormley&#39;s Hotel, owned by James Wormley, a free-born black man, where the Wormley Agreement was penned, which led to the Compromise of 1877 and the election of President Rutherford B. Hayes. It has been substantially expanded twice, first in 1927 and then converted to a modern office building in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Union Trust was a trust bank founded in 1899 as the Union Trust and Storage Company by a group of investors led by George Hamilton and Edward J. Stellwagen. Stellwagen was the president of the Thomas J. Fisher Companies, a real estate and mortgage brokerage closely affiliated with Senator Francis G. Newlands, and the company was in part organized to act as the fiduciary for investment by Williams Deacons Bank to the Chevy Chase Land Company, one of the investments Newlands managed on behalf of his the descendants of his father-in-law, William Sharon. As was common at the time, the distinction between Union Trust, the Chevy Chase Land Company, and the Fisher Companies was blurred. During its early years, the Fisher Companies brokerage office was located off a separate door at the south end of the building, and the Land Company kept offices as a tenant above.</p><br>
<p>Union Trust, after several mergers, became First American Bancorp before being purchased by First Union Bank.</p><br>
<p>Tenants have included the American Planning and Civic Association and Covington & Burling, which had its offices in the Old Union Trust Building in 1940, when Gerhard Gesell joined the firm (according to his 1984 unpublished memoir). The site is now home to the New America Foundation.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>In 1906 Waddy Butler Wood of Wood, Donn & Deming became the first Washington, D.C. architectural firm to design a bank high-rise in their city when they designed the Union Trust Building. In the past, the citys largest banks had each retained nationally renowned architects while local architects were only chosen to design bank branches or remodel existing buildings. By choosing Woods firm, Union Trust began a trend of the city&#39;s banks choosing local architects to design their buildings. The building is faced in Mount Airy granite, with bronze and glass details.</p><br>
<p>First American Bancorp hired Keyes Condon Florance to renovate the building between 1980 and 1983, modernizing the building and reconfiguring the building from the second level up.</p><br>
<p>Old St. Marys Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin was built in 1846 and 1847. The parish was founded a year earlier, by German Catholic immigrants. It was the proto-German church of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The city had been incorporated only the year before, and Wisconsin had not yet become a state. Old St. Marys is the oldest church still standing in the city. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 1 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The church was designed by Victor Schulte, a Prussian immigrant from Westphalia. Schulte designed the church in Zopfstil style, a German counterpart of the American Federal style, which was probably familiar to German immigrants in the parish. Hallmarks of the style are the low-pitched roof, the round-topped windows, and a neat simplicity that contrasted with Baroque and Rococo styles. The building is constructed of cream city brick. The carved wooden high altar was purchased in 1848. A painting of the Annunciation behind the altar by Franz Xavier Glink was donated by King Ludwig I of Bavaria.</p><br>
<p>The churchs tower gained a clock in 1860 and three bells in 1868. These bronze bells were cast in Munich. St. Marys was modified fairly extensively from 1866 to 1867, again under direction of Victor Schulte. Before that, what is now the main worship space was split into two floors: a short first story which housed the parish school&#39;s classrooms, and a taller main level where Mass was conducted. In 1866 the parish built a separate school building and eliminated the lower classroom level of the church building, lowering the floor of the main worship space. The east end was extended and the west facade was reworked, with a new spire added in 1866. The church bells were hung in 1868.</p><br>
<p>The interior was redecorated after a fire in 1893, but the exterior still stands very much as it did right after the 1867 remodeling, two years after the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>With the arrival of a number of Cuban emigres to the parish, a statue of the Cuban Madonna, Our Lady of Charity, was installed in the church.</p><br>
<p>The Wicks Building is a historic commercial building on Courthouse Square in downtown Bloomington, Indiana, United States. Built in the early twentieth century in a distinctive style of architecture, it has remained in consistent commercial use throughout its history, and it has been named a historic site because of the importance of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A veteran of the Civil War, Colonel W.W. Wicks was a Bloomington businessman who owned one of the areas economically dominant limestone quarries. Because of his prosperity, he decided to diversify his business; as a result, he chose to open a general store and to enter the retail market. Unfortunately for Wicks, the destruction of his property by fire forced him to erect a new structure. Purchasing property at 116 Sixth Street on Courthouse Square, he erected the present building in 1915. One of Bloomingtons first department stores, the Wicks Company operated out of the Sixth Street building until its closure in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Three stories tall, the Wicks Building is a brick structure with a limestone facade. Reflecting its commercial origin, the majority of the facade is glass: the middle and upper stories feature large windows from floor to ceiling, the entirety of the first floor (aside from the entrance) is composed of display windows, and the gap between the first and second stories is filled with a large leaded glass window. Bracing the sides of the building are massive limestone piers; between them, the only non-glass surfaces in the facade are seven smaller limestone piers on the second and third stories, which separate the windows of those floors into eight bays. Below the second story and above the third are prominent horizontal limestone piers: the lower carries large letters proclaiming "The Wicks Company," while the higher lacks written details but is far taller from top to bottom.</p><br>
<p>Large numbers of ornamental details grace the buildings exterior. Each of the sixteen large window bays of the second and third stories features five pieces of glass: a single large pane that occupies the vast majority of the bays area, and four smaller panes (two above the large pane and two below) that divide the small remaining area. Cast ironwork is also common on the facade: a small balustrade of iron has been placed at the bottom of each window, and the space between the second and third story windows is composed of large iron spandrels decorated with cartouches. Similar details are reproduced in the stone of the building&#39;s summit; it is crowned by the tips of the piers, which rise slightly above the main roofline.</p><br>
<p>Aside from its facade, the Wicks Building is an undistinguished commercial structure, both in its other walls and in its ordinary rectangular shape. Surrounded by brick buildings, the side walls are plain brick, and the rear is composed of a painted brick wall, a fire escape and ordinary windows, and a service entrance. Covering the entire structure is a simple sloping roof.</p><br>
<p>Taken together, the overall design and the many details of the facade combine to form a distinctive example of the Chicago school of architecture. Most buildings in this style are significantly taller than the three stories of the Wicks, but the placement and size of the windows, the roofline, and the general plan of the building are all similar to buildings considered typical of the Chicago school.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>In 1983, the Wicks Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to its distinctive historic architecture. It is also a contributing property to the Courthouse Square Historic District, which is listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Putnam-Parker Block, also known as City Square, are historic structures located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. The property includes three buildings that take up the south half of block 43 in what is known as LeClaire&#39;s First Addition. The main façade of the structures face south along West Second Street. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. In 2020, it was included as a contributing property in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District. The former Putnam Building now houses a Marriott Autograph Collection hotel named The Current Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Antoine LeClaire, who was primarily responsible for establishing the city of Davenport, built a hotel named the LeClaire House on the northeast corner of Main and West Second Streets in 1839. It contained retail space on the ground level. At the other end of the block on the northwest corner of Brady and West Second Streets, he built a three-story brick building in 1850. It also provided retail space on the main level and LeClaire Hall on the upper floors. It was later renamed LeClaire Row. Charles Viele of Evansville, Indiana bought the half-block sometime before 1886. The LeClaire House was renamed the Newcomb House after Viele&#39;s sister, Mrs. V. Newcomb, and the LeClaire Row was renamed the Viele Building. The Fair, a department store that would eventually become the M.L. Parker Department Store occupied the retail space of the Newcomb house at this time.</p><br>
<p>William C. Putnam bought Viele&#39;s interest in the block in 1895. Putnam was a Davenport attorney and businessman who managed the block for both LeClaire and Viele. He renovated the buildings and lowered the stores to street level. Putnam and his mother, Mary Louisa Duncan Putnam, established the Putnam Trust. The trust owned the entire half-block of West Second Street. It benefited the Putnam Memorial Fund, which was the non-profit charitable support organization for the Davenport Academy of Sciences, now known as the Putnam Museum. The Putnam-Parker Block was a source of revenue for the trust. It is the only real estate development in the city known to serve this type of purpose. The trust paid for the construction of the present museum building and the neighboring building, which housed the former Davenport Museum of Art until it moved downtown as the Figge Art Museum.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the W.C. Putnam Estate sold controlling interest in the Putnam-Parker Block to a group of investors called One Putnam Centre LLC and maintained a minority interest of 30%. The three buildings were sold to Amrit and Amy Gill in 2013, and they developed them into City Square. The Putnam Trust was dissolved in 2015 when the estate sold its last property, a parking lot on Main Street.</p><br>
<h3>Putnam Building</h3><br>
<p>W.C. Putnam planned to replace the old hotel with a modern office building, but he died in 1906. The plans were eventually carried out by his brother, Edward K. Putnam. The Putnam Building was completed in 1910 by prominent Chicago contactor Gustav Wilke. The other structures on the block were renamed the North Putnam Buildings. This "was the first steel frame structure in Davenport that utilized the “tall” building design for an office building, relying on the steel frame structure to achieve its height, open floor plan, and large windows."</p><br>
<h3>M.L. Parker Building</h3><br>
<p>The M.L. Parker building was constructed by the prominent Chicago contracting firm George A. Fuller Company on the northwest corner of Brady and West Second Street in 1922. It was the only tall building in Davenport that housed a department store. The W.C. Putnam Estate had reached a lease agreement with the store in 1916, but high building costs because of World War I delayed construction. Parkers occupied the entire building from February 14, 1923, until 1972. It was a major non-franchise company that operated a classic department store offering clothing, furniture, rugs, housewares and a toyland in the basement at Christmas. It was the citys largest department store during its existence, and claimed to be Iowas largest department store at the time of this buildings construction. In 1970, another Davenport department store, Peteresen Harned Von Maur, bought Parkers. They operated a budget outlet for their store here until 1974 after they closed Parkers. The upper floors of the building were converted into office space after that. Among the tenants in the office space were the accounting firm of McGladrey & Pullen, later RSM McGladrey, and Verizon operated a call center. The main floor retail space remained empty.</p><br>
<h3>Putnam Center Building</h3><br>
<p>Between the Putnam and Parker buildings is a two-story infill section. It was originally designed to complement the two towers. However, that structure was never built as funds were not available for its construction until the mid-20th century. Until then, the building that originally stood between the Putnam and Parker buildings was a four-story gabled structure built by LeClaire in the 1850s. The second floor was converted into a "shops building" that contained 16 to 20 shops lining an interior corridor. The old building suffered damage because of a fire on September 3, 1926. As a result, most of the upper stories on the back of the building were removed and the shops building concept was discontinued. Plans for the current structure were drawn up in 1955 and construction was completed in 1957. The original folded yellow brick facade was remodeled in the 1990s. Rather than having a unified appearance as originally envisioned, the Putnam-Parker Block appears to be the three separate structures that it has always been. Most of the Putnam Center Building housed the downtown J.C. Penney store until it moved to the newly constructed NorthPark Mall on the city&#39;s north side in 1973. The building continues to house retail establishments in its four storefronts. More windows were added to its second story when the building was renovated in 2017. Unlike the Putnam and Parker Buildings, the Putnam Center Building is not a contributing property in the historic designation.</p><br>
<h3>City Square</h3><br>
<p>In 2012, the city of Davenport was discerning what to do about the riverboat casino anchored in the Mississippi River. Three companies proposed development ideas concerning a new land-based casino. Amrit and Amy Gill of Restoration St. Louis, who renovated the Hotel Blackhawk in 2010, planned a $155 million (~$ in ) project to transform the Putnam and Parker buildings and adjoining properties. The city chose one of the other projects, and the Gills announced a new development in November 2013. Called City Square, the $60 million project would transform the Putnam-Parker block into a suite hotel and market-rate housing in the Putnam Building and Class A office space in the Parker Building.</p><br>
<p>The Parker Building now houses four floors of office space. Wells Fargo Bank was signed as the anchor tenant on the main floor. The top two floors house 20 luxury apartments. There is a connection to the Center Building on the second floor. The Putnam Building houses the hotel and apartments. The lobby, restaurant, and bar are located on the main floor. Most of the 78 suites are located on the second through the sixth floors, and the top two floors house 14 luxury apartments. A restaurant and a bar are located on the roof of the building. The hotel is also decorated with over 500 pieces of original artwork created by Midwest artists. The Putnam Center Building houses 12 extended stay rooms and houses amenities such as the swimming pool, fitness center, and executive conference space for the hotel. It also continues to house retail on the main floor. There is a connection with the Eastern Iowa Community College District&#39;s downtown campus on the north half of the block.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Putnam and Parker buildings were originally designed by the Chicago architectural firm of D. H. Burnham & Company. The Putnam Building was the last building completed during Daniel Burnham&#39;s lifetime, and The Current Iowa is the only hotel in a building that was designed by his firm. The Parker Building is a modified design by Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, a successor to D. H. Burnham & Company with extensive experience designing department stores. Peirce Anderson, who worked for both of the firms, was the architect primarily responsible for the design of both the Putnum and Parker buildings. He served as chief designer for D.H. Burnham & Company when he designed the Putnam Building, and he was a partner and head of the design department for Graham, Anderson, Probst, and White when he designed the M.L. Parker Building. Taussig & Flesch, a Chicago firm that specialized in interior department store designs, was consulted on the Parker Building.</p><br>
<p>Anderson designed the whole half block to have the same appearance and the Putman and Parker buildings are nearly identical. They show clear references to the Chicago School. The Putnam Building is an eight-story structure that is 120 ft tall. The Parker Building is seven stories tall and rises 100.29 ft above the ground. Both structures are built on a brick foundation and feature a steel skeleton covered in red brick. Decorative materials include stone facing and decorative panels of terra cotta. The two towers each show a clearly defined tripartite façade. Neoclassical elements are found in the decorative cornice at the top. However, the simplified design and use of terra cotta show the Chicago School&#39;s influence.</p><br>
<p>The two-story Putnam Center Building was also designed by Graham, Anderson, Probst & White. By the 1950s when the building was designed, the firm had shifted its emphasis to designing Modernist structures.</p><br>
<p>The USA Government Accountability Office Building is an historic government office building, the headquarters of the Government Accountability Office located at 441 G Street NW in Washington, D.C., adjacent to the National Building Museum.</p><br>
<p>Unique in its "block style" design, federal office buildings before central air conditioning were designed with interior courtyards and wings, to allow for maximum ventilation and light. While the initial 1941 design utilized a "fish bone" style, with a central spine and interior courtyards, WWII placed the project on hold while technology advanced.</p><br>
<p>In 1946, an updated, novel "solid building" design made headlines. Untested, planning officials wondered whether such a structure would prove claustrophobic for employees. It was dedicated on September 11, 1951, by President Harry S. Truman. The building also serves as headquarters for USA Army Corps of Engineers.</p><br>
<p>The Frankenfield Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that spans Tinicum Creek in Point Pleasant, Pennsylvania, United States. The bridge is located in Bucks County on Cafferty Road about 0.6 mi southeast of Headquarters Road, near Vansant Airport, and a similar distance northwest of East Dark Hollow Road, near Palisades School District. Hollow Horn Road branches off from Cafferty Road a short distance from the south end of the span and goes south.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1872, and is a town truss bridge constructed of oak. The sign on the Frankenfield covered bridge states that the structure is 130 ft long with a clearance of 9.42 ft.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 1, 1980.</p><br>
<p>Frankenfield Covered Bridge Sign.jpgSign on the bridge</p><br>
<p>Casa Rinconada is an Ancestral Puebloan archaeological site located atop a ridge adjacent to a small rincon across from Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Culture National Historical Park, northwestern New Mexico, United States.</p><br>
<p>It is an isolated great kiva (out of four in Chaco Canyon) with all the typical elements of great kivas: a masonry firebox, an inner bench, four roof-supporting large seating pits, masonry vaults, and 34 niches, divided into two sizes, encircling the kiva. There is also an unusual 39 foot (12 m) long underground passage, perhaps used in the ceremonies to allow performers sudden entry thus surprising the audience. It was dug out of the sandstone and shale that compose the ridge on which the kiva sits.</p><br>
<p>Casa Rinconada was excavated in 1930-31 by archaeologists Vivian and Reiter and the University of New Mexico/School of American Research field schools. It was reconstructed in part by Vivian in 1933, while Richter of the National Park Service worked on capping outer walls in 1955.</p><br>
<p>Casa Rinconada is accessible through the Canyon Loop Drive and 1/2-mile (800 m) trail (round trip) off the Drive.</p><br>
<p>With a diameter of 64 feet, Casa Rinconada is the largest excavated great kiva in Chaco Canyon.</p><br>
<p>The Blues Armory is a large brick armory in downtown Richmond, Virginia. Housing the Richmond Light Infantry Blues, the castle-like structure originally served multiple purposes, with a food market on the ground floor and a drill hall for the National Guard of the United States on the top floor. The level between housed suites of offices for each individual National Guard company. The Richmond Spiders played their home basketball games at the site for a period of time. In 1985, the ground floor was converted to retail and restaurant space, part of the 6th Street Marketplace.</p><br>
<p>The composite steel-reinforced structure is clad with brick and heavily rusticated stone masonry. Completed in 1910, it was designed by the Washington, D.C. firm of Averill and Hall. The castellated design was not entirely whimsical, as the structure was designed to withstand attack during riots. The ground floor was entirely separated from the military upper floors. The structure extends over the sidewalks, forming an arcade at ground level, with five bays on the Marshall Street side and seven bays on Sixth Street. The corners are marked with projecting turrets or bartizans, while the upper level is machicolated. The roof of the drill hall rises above the parapet.</p><br>
<p>The Richmond Light Infantry Blues existed from 1789. They were called in 1800 to deal with Gabriel&#39;s Rebellion, led by the slave Gabriel. During the American Civil War the unit was part of the Army of Northern Virginia. From 1894 the Blues were a battalion, then a regiment after World War II. A 1968 reorganization of the National Guard disestablished the Blues and the armory fell into disuse. By the 1990s the lower level was incorporated into the Sixth Street Market development. The upper floor offices and first floor food court closed in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Blues Armory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 17, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Federal Reserve Board - East Building, historically known as the USA Public Health Service Building, is a historic government office building. It is located at 1951 Constitution Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., adjacent to the Eccles Building.</p><br>
<p>It was the headquarters of the USA Public Health Service during 1933–1942 and 1946–1947; at other times it was the headquarters of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, Atomic Energy Commission, and National Science Foundation. From 1965 until 2018, it was used by the Department of the Interior, most prominently as the headquarters of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Office of Surface Mining, during which time it was known as the Department of the Interior - South Building. In 2018, it was transferred to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>The site was previously home to a YWCA.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Jules Henri de Sibour, for the Public Health Service in 1931.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the building was occupied by the Combined Chiefs of Staff. The Public Health Service vacated the building in February 1942, moving to a temporary building at the National Institutes of Health campus. The building was renamed to the Combined Chiefs of Staff Building on January 30, 1942. It was the site of the planning for the Manhattan Project. The Public Health Service then briefly reoccupied the building from January 1946 to March 1947, after which its headquarters moved to the Federal Security Building and the Federal Security Building South.</p><br>
<p>The Atomic Energy Commission occupied the site from its creation in 1947 until its relocation to Germantown, Maryland in 1958. From August 1958 until April 1965, it was the headquarters of the National Science Foundation.</p><br>
<h3>Department of the Interior</h3><br>
<p>The Bureau of Indian Affairs began using the building in April 1965, and Office of Surface Mining joined them in 1977. The building has since been used by several offices and bureaus of the Department of the Interior which is headquartered next door.</p><br>
<p>On November 3, 1972, a group of around 500 American Indians with the AIM took over the building, the culmination of their Trail of Broken Treaties walk. They intended to bring attention to American Indian issues, including their demands for renewed negotiation of treaties, enforcement of treaty rights and improvement in living standards. They occupied the Department of the Interior headquarters from November 3 to November 9, 1972.</p><br>
<h3>Federal Reserve Board</h3><br>
<p>In July 2018, the building was transferred to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, whose headquarters, the Eccles Building, is across the street to the west. The building was planned to be renovated. The renovation attracted attention as an early test of the Trump administration&#39;s efforts to promote neoclassical rather than modern architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The structure is a three-story E-shaped building featuring a raised basement, shallow projecting corner pavilions, and a gabled tile roof. The structural system is composed of a concealed steel frame and concrete floors. At the east, south, and west elevations the building is surrounded by raised terrace separated from the exterior walls by an areaway. The principal exterior building materials consist of marble on the east, south, and west facades; limestone within the two courtyards; and stucco on the north facades of the east and west wings.</p><br>
<p>The primary facade is faced in white Georgia marble and features a thirteen bay, engaged double-height colonnade of fluted Doric pilasters flanked by shallow projecting corner pavilions. A large entablature composed of a plain frieze and enriched ornamental cavetto cornice surmounts these pilasters. A single-height entrance pavilion composed of three pedimented formal entryways is centered on the facade.</p><br>
<p>Notable interior spaces include an elaborate marble entrance lobby, marble stair and elevator lobbies, and an ornamental auditorium space, all of which feature decorative painted finishes on ornamental plaster and compo features. An elaborate wood panelled primary executive office suite is located on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>School Number 6, also known as Jackson School and Holy Family School, is an historic building located in Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties and on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>School Number 6 actually began as School Number 11 and located on Locust Street, just west of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad crossing. It was replaced in 1858 by a two-room, frame school building at the present location. In 1874, the lot to the east of the school was purchased for a playground from the neighboring Presbyterian Church. The school was located in the Hamburg neighborhood, a large German neighborhood whose lower portion has been designated a historic district. As the area population increased, the Davenport Community School District determined it needed to provide a larger building. This was during the superintendency of J.B. Young when eight new grammar schools and a high school were built and six older buildings were extensively remodeled. Prominent Davenport architect Frederick G. Clausen was chosen to design the new School Number 6. Local contractors Oelerish and Peters were responsible for construction, which cost $19,400.</p><br>
<p>The new school building was opened in October 1893. Classes were still taught in German even though only 36 of the 420 students had been born in Germany. In 1868, two-thirds of the students in School Number 6 had been born there.</p><br>
<p>In 1908, the school district decided to rename its elementary schools after former USA Presidents. School Number 6 was named after Andrew Jackson. Johnson School opened in 1910 and alleviated some of the crowding at Jackson. The school district adopted the 6-3-3 grade system in 1919 with the elementary schools housing kindergarten plus grades 1-6. The Davenport Free Public Library had been established in 1900 and Jackson School served as one of its branches beginning about 1922. The library system also operated the school libraries at that time. The former Newcomb Presbyterian Chapel building was acquired in 1925 and taken down for a new playground. In 1938, it was proposed that the Davenport school district replace its older elementary schools. All the replacement schools, but one, were built in new locations. The old school buildings, including Jackson, were closed in 1940.</p><br>
<p>From 1943 to 1964 the building served as a parochial school for Holy Family Catholic Church. The parish school had been organized in 1919 and it was housed in a small brick building behind the church. The Rev. T.V. Lawlor bought the former Jackson School building for more space. Because the parish was raising money for a school building on parish property they made no changes to the Jackson building. The Congregation of the Humility of Mary, a Catholic religious order of sisters, acquired the building from the parish and converted part of the building into a convent. The sisters vacated the building in 1968. Beginning in 1970 it was used as an office building. In 2010 the building was purchased by Renaissance Realty Group of Chicago to renovate into housing for senior citizens. It has been divided into 48 apartments and is called The Jackson Renaissance. They previously renovated the historic Taylor School building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In addition to its educational significance, the former school building is also significant for its architecture. Because of the Panic of 1893, the former Jackson School building lacks the towers, bays, and other architectural embellishments found on the non-extant Tyler School building completed in 1892 or the Taylor School building completed in 1897. Its this economy of design and its seamless addition that makes this building significant. The 2½-story brick structure is built on a raised ashlar sandstone basement. It features Roman Arch entrance portals, flattened arch fenestrations, Neoclassical porches, three gabled pavilions, and it is capped by a hip roof with dormers. The 1902 addition is on the west side of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Concatedral Dulce Nombre de Jesús or in English, Co-Cathedral of the Sweet Name of Jesus, is a Catholic cathedral located on the town plaza in Humacao, Puerto Rico. Along with the Catedral Santiago Apóstol in Fajardo it is the seat of the Diocese of Fajardo-Humacao.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first church for the parish of Dulce Nombre de Jesús was a simple structure built in 1769. A second church was built from 1825 to 1826. It was in a ruinous state by 1860 and the present church was built between 1868 and 1877. It was designed by Don Evaristo de Churruca in the Gothic Revival style. The bell tower collapsed as the result of an earthquake in 1918. The church was repaired in 1928 and another renovation took place in the 1980s. Dulce Nombre de Jesύs became a cathedral church when Pope Benedict XVI established the Diocese of Fajardo-Humacao on March 11, 2008. The church was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1984, using the name style Church Dulce Nombre de Jesús of Humacao. It was later listed on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones on May 16, 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The cathedral is on the east side of the town plaza. A low concrete wall with metal grillwork surrounds the church building. The wall is modulated by pillars that hold cast iron lamps. The building is cruciform in shape with a nave, transept and two side aisles. It is one of the few churches in Puerto Rico with a transept. The main façade is dominated by a four-level square bell tower topped with a spire. It is flanked by two smaller round towers that house a spiral staircase and the weights for the clock. All the windows and doorways are framed with moldings. Small buttresses flank pointed arch windows on the sides of the building. The two-level transept is crowned with a gabled roof. Each side has two pointed-arch windows on the first level and round window in the second.</p><br>
<p>On the interior horizontal moldings have been eliminated to give the illusion of a taller structure. Pillars separate the nave from the side aisles, and they are assembled into five bays on each side. The main nave is covered by a pointed vault and the side naves are covered by groin vaults. Four pairs of small pointed arch windows are above the side aisles. There is a dome over the crossing, but it is covered by acoustic tiles and cannot be seen. The apse is covered by a groined half-dome and contains stained glass windows. The floor is covered with colored native cement tiles and a new choir loft is in the rear of the church.</p><br>
<p>Wheat Row is a row of four Late Georgian style townhouses located at 1315, 1317, 1319, and 1321 4th Street SW in the Southwest Waterfront neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in the United States. Begun in 1794 and completed in 1795, the structures are some of the oldest residential homes in the District of Columbia. They served several uses in the early and mid 20th century, but were integrated into the Harbour Square apartment cooperative in 1963. Wheat Row was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The Residence Act of 1790, which established the site for the capital of the United States, provided for the appointment of three commissioners by the President (and without the need for Senate confirmation) to govern the District of Columbia, survey its land, purchase property from private landowners, and construct federal buildings. James Greenleaf was a land speculator who arrived in the city on September 17, 1793. On either September 23, 1793, or December 24, 1793, Greenleaf purchased from the D.C. commissioners the land on which Wheat Row would be built. By the start of 1794, Greenleaf owned half the federal government&#39;s salable land in the District of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>Greenleaf began construction on the four townhouses which became Wheat Row in 1794. The builder was James Clark. Sources differ on the architect. Historian Bob Arnebeck argues it was Clark, but most sources attribute Wheat Row to the important local architect William Lovering.</p><br>
<p>Wheat Row was the first example in the District of Columbia of the terraced house (also known as the row house or townhouse). According to the National Capital Planning Commission, they are probably the first houses built after the District of Columbia was chosen as the seat of the federal government. The Thomas Law House and Duncanson-Cranch House, both nearby, were erected at about the same time by Greenleaf and his partners.</p><br>
<p>Wheat Row was not initially a successful development. The townhouses were considered small by the standards of the day, of an out-of-date architectural style, poorly constructed, and built with inferior materials. Greenleaf refused to pay for them, and Clark suffered a mental breakdown as a result of the business setbacks caused by Greenleaf&#39;s actions. Wheat Row remained incomplete at the end of 1794, and was not finished until the following year.</p><br>
<h3>Occupants and uses</h3><br>
<p>The earliest occupant of Wheat Row was William Prentiss, a surveyor who helped lay out housing plats in the District of Columbia in the 1790s. He married Marie Josephine Wilhelmina Matilda Greenleaf, daughter of James Greenleaf, and they took up residence on Wheat Row in 1796.</p><br>
<p>The Wheat Row name is derived from that of John Wheat, a prominent local designer of gardens and a messenger employed by the United States Congress. According to the earliest extant records, Wheat owned 1315 4th Street as early as 1819. 1317 4th Street was owned by Robert P. Washington, and 1319 4th Street by Richmond Johnson. 1321 4th Street was jointly owned by Thomas L. Washington and Philip Stuart. Stuart bought out Washington&#39;s interest by 1824, and purchased a share of 1319 4th Street from Johnson. By the time Wheat died in 1844, he had purchased 1319 and 1321 4th Street from Johnson and Stuart. He left all three row houses to his wife, Mary. Members of the Wheat family continued to own these houses until at least 1868.</p><br>
<p>The four row houses of Wheat Row were used for residences until 1939. John Neligh, the director of industrial crafts at Barney Neighborhood House, owned 1315 4th Street. Barney Neighborhood House served as a home for poor women and worked to improve cultural awareness among the working class. Established in 1904, Barney Neighborhood House occupied the Duncanson-Cranch House. When Neligh died in 1939, he left his home to the Barney Neighborhood House, which renovated it and used it as a neighborhood art gallery known as Rhoads House. That same year, 1317 4th Street was purchased by the National Craft Training Center, a newly established organization which taught handicrafts to poor and working-class girls. By May 22, 1941, 1315 4th Street housed the Rhoads Service Men&#39;s Club, a service organization which provided free and reduced-cost entertainment to members of the United States military. In late 1941, Mary Adams purchased 1319 4th Street, renovated it, and donated it to the Barney Neighborhood House in memory of her mother. The organization used it as a day care facility, serving 30 children (double the capacity available in its old location). By 1950, Barney Neighborhood House had come into possession of 1317 4th Street.</p><br>
<p>1321 4th Street, however, remained in use as a residence, although by 1950 it had been subdivided internally into apartments.</p><br>
<h3>Harbour Square</h3><br>
<p>In the 1950s, Wheat Row was saved from demolition and incorporated into the Harbour Square development. Washington, D.C., had undergone rapid population growth during World War II. In 1946, the United States Congress passed the District of Columbia Redevelopment Act, which established the District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency (RLA) and provided legal authority to clear land and funds to spur redevelopment in the capital. Congress also gave the National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) the authority to designate which land would be redeveloped, and how. The RLA was not funded, however, until passage of the Housing Act of 1949. A 1950 study by the NCPC found that the small Southwest quarter of the city suffered from high concentrations of old and poorly maintained buildings, overcrowding, and threats to public health (such as lack of running indoor water, sewage systems, electricity, central heating, and indoor toilets). Competing visions for the redevelopment ranged from renovation to wholesale leveling of neighborhoods, but the latter view prevailed as more likely to qualify for federal funding. Demolition faced almost all structures in Southwest Washington.</p><br>
<p>However, in December 1954, the Historical Society of Washington, D.C. successfully pressured the RLA into giving consideration to saving Wheat Row and the Duncanson-Cranch House. Then in September 1958, O. Roy Chalk, president of DC Transit, proposed integrating the Edward Simon Lewis House, Wheat Row, and the Duncanson-Cranch House into the new developments then on the drawing board. By January 1959, the RLA was actively pushing for all three properties, plus the Thomas Law House, to be saved and integrated into the new construction, even as housing and other buildings around them were being demolished. The RLA subsequently awarded development of the area around Wheat Row to Shannon and Luchs, a local real estate development firm. On June 3, 1960, Shannon and Luchs announced it would build a $12 million, 447-unit cooperative apartment complex known as Harbour Square on the Wheat Row site. Wheat Row, the Duncanson-Cranch House, and the Lewis House would be incorporated into the new development. Construction on the project, designed by the architectural firm of Satterlee & Smith and now including financial partner John McShain, began in February 1963. Wheat Row was integrated into Harbour Square as four of the 17 townhouses offered for sale by the cooperative. Harbour Square was completed in 1964.</p><br>
<p>Wheat Row remains part of Harbour Square.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The four row houses of Wheat Row were designed in the Late Georgian architectural style. Architectural historian Daniel Reiff has argued that the design is based on that of Hollis Hall, a dormitory at Harvard University constructed from 1762 to 1763. Reiff has noted that Wheat Row is a prime example of the vernacular domestic architecture constructed in the District of Columbia during the city&#39;s first three decades.</p><br>
<p>Each of the four row houses that make up Wheat Row has a foundation made of stone, and a basement with stone walls. The exterior walls are all brick in a Flemish bond pattern. The north wall is different in that it is laid in an English bond pattern. It is believed that this is the only example of English bond brickwork in a building constructed in the city&#39;s first decades. The building containing the four row houses is 102.5 ft long and 34 ft wide. The longer facades each have 12 bays, with each house having three bays. The middle two houses are slightly narrower than the end houses. The entrance is found on the long east facade. The four middle bays on this facade project slightly. The south facade originally had three bays, while the north facade had none. Today, Harbour Square townhouses abut both the north and south facades, and prevent any openings in either wall. Belt courses consisting of four headers separate the first and second and the second and third floors on the east, west, and south facades. The belt course on the south facade is no longer visible due to the adjoining 1964 townhouse.</p><br>
<p>The window sills and decorative window lintels in the facades are both of stone, with the lintel having bevels etched into them to mimic voussoirs and keystones. A trench, surrounded by a black wrought iron fence and not visible from the street, permits light to enter the basement windows. The basement window sills are wood and the lintels brick. The first and second story windows are 9/9, while the smaller third story windows are 6/3. The basement windows are all 6/6.</p><br>
<p>Wheat Row is topped by a low hip roof, sheathed in copper. Double chimneys rise where the row houses meet. A triangular pediment rises above the projecting central section of the structure, pierced by an oval window. (This window&#39;s stone facing is not historic, and was created in 1964.) A bas-relief fretwork wooden cornice runs most of the way around the building, except where a stone band separates the pediment from the third floor.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the wood trim and stone band of Wheat Row were all white, which contrasted with the red brick of the building. During the 1962–1963 construction of Harbour Square, they were painted light grey to match the trim of the rest of the development.</p><br>
<p>Four doorways in the east facade provide access to the row houses. Two occupy the corner bays, while two occupy the center-most bays. Each door has a semi-circular fanlight and a brick arch over the door. At some point before the 1962–1963 construction of Harbour Square, the brick arch over the door to 1317 4th Street was replaced with a brick jack arch. This jack arch was removed and the facade restored to its uniform appearance. Modern lighting fixtures illuminate each door.</p><br>
<p>The interior plan of each of Wheat Row&#39;s townhouses is Federal in style. There are two rooms on each floor, and side halls with stairways. The internal space does not reflect the symmetrical facade. The interior walls of Wheat Row, which are wood frame, have been modified many times over the years to accommodate modern appliances and conveniences (such as bathrooms).</p><br>
<p>St. James Basilica is a Latin Catholic parish church in the Diocese of Fargo as well as a minor basilica located in Jamestown, North Dakota, United States. A previous church building, completed in 1882, served briefly as a cathedral in the 19th century. The present church building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as St. James Catholic Church, and it was elevated to a minor basilica in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Catholics settled in the Jamestown area as early as 1872, and the first Mass was celebrated in the town on January 10, 1879. As the congregation had no building to call its own for three years, they met in hotels, school buildings, and meeting halls. They also did not have a pastor so they were served by visiting clergy. Father Flannigan became the parish&#39;s first pastor in 1882. He raised $6,000 to build a frame church that measured 86 by, and a small rectory next door. They were completed in June 1882. Anton Klaus, a prominent Jamestown citizen, donated the block on which the buildings were built. It was dedicated by Bishop Martin Marty, OSB on May 13, 1883.</p><br>
<p>On November 10, 1889 Pope Leo XIII established the Diocese of Jamestown, and St. James became the cathedral church for the new diocese. Bishop John Shanley was installed as bishop. He established St. John&#39;s Academy, added a sacristy to the cathedral, renovated the rectory, and convened the first Catholic Congress of the Dakotas in 1891. The later was an annual meeting to aid the Native Americans in North Dakota. Shanley found running the diocese from Jamestown difficult and moved to Fargo in 1891. He had the Cathedral of St. Mary built there and the See City was transferred to Fargo on April 6, 1897.</p><br>
<p>By the early 20th century it became obvious that a new church was needed. Under the direction of the Rev. Edward J. Geraghty and Michael Murphy, a local banker and contractor who led the building committee, the Hancock Brothers of Fargo designed a new church in the Gothic Revival style. Jeff Shelde from Litchfield, Minnesota was chosen as the contractor. The groundbreaking took place in 1910 and it took four years to build the church. Bishop James O&#39;Reilly consecrated it on November 29, 1914.</p><br>
<p>A major building program took place from 1956 to 1958. A new and larger rectory was designed by the Minneapolis architectural firm of Hills, Gilbertson and Hayes. The basement of the church was transformed into a parish hall and the interior of the worship space was updated. The renovation included a new paint scheme and simplified altar furnishings.</p><br>
<p>On October 26, 1988 Pope John Paul II elevated St. James Church to the rank of a minor basilica. Bishop James S. Sullivan presided at the dedication liturgy on July 23, 1989. The Apostolic Brief, which raised St. James to the basilica status, is located near the southwest entrance into the church building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The basilica is a cross-shaped structure that measures 140 by and 70 ft at the transept. The building itself is 42 ft high and the twin towers that flank the main facade are 125 ft. The spires on the towers are capped with 23 carat gold-leaf crosses. The foundation is rock faced, trimmed granite. The exterior walls are covered in Hebron brick and they are trimmed in Bedford stone. The seating capacity of the church is 650 with another 100 able to fit in the choir loft. The stained glass windows that depict scenes from the life of Christ were installed by the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company in 1918.</p><br>
<p>Edinburg Mill is a grist mill in Edinburg, Virginia. The three-story wood-framed building stands on Stony Creek, set on a limestone basement. A working mill until 1978, the original structure was built in 1848 by the Grandstaff family. It replaced an 1813 complex developed by Grandstaff that included a sawmill, grist mill and a carding operation. The present mill was almost burned during the American Civil War, when forces under Union general Philip Sheridan set fire to the mill as part of their scorched-earth campaign. Local women convinced the soldiers to salvage the mill&#39;s flour, and the fire was extinguished, saving the mill.</p><br>
<p>The mill is three stories tall with a prominent gable formed by the deep roof structure. Shed-roofed extensions are found to either side of the gable, with a lean-to office addition at the front gable end. Although built in the 19th century, the mill uses some 18th-century techniques, such as shoulder posts.</p><br>
<p>Edinburg Mill is owned by the town of Edinburg in partnership with a preservation group. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 7, 1979. It is included in the Edinburg Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Canoe Club is a boat club on the Potomac River.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 3700 K Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Georgetown neighborhood. It was established in 1904. The Canoe Club was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in on March 19, 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Washington Canoe Club was originally built on pilings facing the Potomac River.</p><br>
<p>During the 1960s, the Army Corps of Engineers demolished the piers of the Potomac Aqueduct Bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bank under the Canoe Club became stagnant and was subsequently filled with concrete.</p><br>
<p>Shortly thereafter the area north of the Canoe Club was paved.</p><br>
<p>The club leased the land from the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and now the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The club has produced national champions and Olympic medalists.</p><br>
<h2>Olympic medalists</h2><br>
<p>Frank Havens 1948 Silver medal; 1952 Gold medal</p><br>
<p>Francine Fox; Glorianne Perrier 1964 Silver medal</p><br>
<p>Norman Bellingham 1988 Gold medal</p><br>
<p>Westend is a temple-fronted house near Trevilians, Virginia, United States. Built in 1849, the house&#39;s design refers to the Classical Revival style, representing an extension of the Jeffersonian ideal of classical architecture. The house was built for Mrs. Susan Dabney Morris Watson on a property that she had inherited from her late husband. The building project was supervised by Colonel James Magruder. The house was the centerpiece of a substantial plantation, and a number of dependencies, including slave dwellings, survive. Westend remains in the ownership of the descendants of Mrs. Watson.</p><br>
<p>The two-story house is built of brick, and features a tetrastyle Tuscan portico on its principal facade. The main three-bay section is flanked by three-bay, one-story wings and surmounted by a hipped roof with prominent interior chimneys. The fronts of these wings were originally orangeries. The rear facade features a one-story Tuscan porch. The house is painted in a light color to resemble stucco. The interior is arranged around a central hall that is subdivided into an entrance hall and a stair hall to the rear, with two rooms to either side.</p><br>
<p>Westend was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 17, 1970.</p><br>
<p>Black Hawk Museum and Lodge is a historic building located in the Black Hawk State Historic Site in Rock Island, Illinois, United States. The lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is a part of the Illinois State Park Lodges and Cabins Thematic Resources.</p><br>
<h2>Black Hawk State Historic Site</h2><br>
<p>The Black Hawk State Historic Site was established in 1927 and the lodge was built in 1934 as a project of the Civilian Conservation Corps.</p><br>
<h2>Hauberg Indian Museum</h2><br>
<p>The John Hauberg Museum of Native American Life was opened in the lodge in 1939 with a collection started by Dr. John Hauberg, a Rock Island philanthropist and president of Augustana College. The museum interprets the story of the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes that lived in the area in a village called the Saukenuk. It was considered one of the largest Native American villages in North America. The collection includes winter and summer houses used by the tribes, and dioramas that depict the lives of the people who lived here from 1750 to 1830. Artifacts include authentic trade goods, jewelry and domestic items as well as the 18 tonne sculpture of Black Hawk, created in 1892 by Welsh sculptor David Richards (1829-1897).</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>President&#39;s Office, George Washington University is a row of historic townhouses at 2003 G Street, N.W. in Washington, D.C., in the Foggy Bottom section of the city. The townhouses are now part of George Washington University Law School.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The townhouses were designed by George S. Cooper and Victor Mendeleff for owner John W. Foster, and built by Theodore A. Harding, in 1892, in the Second Empire style.</p><br>
<p>Between 1928 and 1934, the townhouses were acquired by George Washington University as a part of a campus expansion led by Cloyd Heck Marvin.</p><br>
<p>Between 2000 and 2002, they were remodeled.</p><br>
<p>The buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Margaret Wetzel House is a historic home at 714 21st Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built for Margaret Wetzel, from 1853 to 1857, in the Italian Villa style.</p><br>
<p>The building was acquired by George Washington University in 1931. It served as the Faculty Club; The University Alumni office was located there from 1974 to 1999. The building has housed the University Honors Program since 2005.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a Washington, D.C. Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Carpenters Building  is an historic office building located at 1010 10th Street  Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Mount Vernon Square neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The eight-story, brick and limestone, Commercial style office building was designed by architect O. Harvey Miller. It follows Louis Sullivan in his designs of tall office buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Carpenters Building was believed to be the country&#39;s largest building owned by a local union when constructed in 1926.</p><br>
<p>It was sold by the local in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, on September 17, 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Darlington Memorial Fountain, also known as the Joseph Darlington Fountain, Nymph and Fawn, and Darlington Fountain, is a sculpture by C. Paul Jennewein atop a fountain in honor of Joseph James Darlington. It is located at Judiciary Park, where 5th Street, D Street, and Indiana Avenue NW intersect in the Judiciary Square neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The fountain is surrounded on three sides by government buildings, including the United States Court of Military Appeals, the H. Carl Moultrie Courthouse, and the former District of Columbia City Hall.</p><br>
<p>Darlington (1849&ndash;1920) was a native of South Carolina who worked as a teacher for several years before moving to Washington, D.C. He took classes at the Columbian Law School (now the George Washington University Law School), and founded a law practice with a friend after they graduated. Darlington earned a reputation as a religious and friendly person. He stopped teaching law classes and focused on writing a successful book, which was used for decades by other law students. When he died in 1920, Darlington received an outpouring of support from politicians, lawyers, and his religious friends.</p><br>
<p>A memorial was planned one year after Darlington&#39;s death. There were several submissions for a memorial and Jennewein, a successful German-American sculptor, was selected for the project. The fountain and its sculpture were paid for by members of the Washington Bar Association. After the United States Commission of Fine Arts approved his design, Jennewein began working on the project. The sculpture was ready by 1922, but the remaining pedestal and basin were not yet completed. When it was finished in late 1923, the unveiling of the fountain revealed a naked woman, something that was the source of many complaints about the artwork.</p><br>
<p>During later years, the fountain was often broken and the basin was used as a trash can. The National Park Service, which owned and maintained the fountain, transferred ownership to the Government of the District of Columbia. The fountain is one of many contributing properties to the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. It is also a contributing property to the proposed Judiciary Square Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Biography</h3><br>
<p>Joseph James Darlington was born February 10, 1849, in Due West, South Carolina. His parents had chosen to move to Due West because the town&#39;s schools had a good reputation of educating children. Darlington and one of his siblings attended Erskine College, earning his Bachelor of Arts degree when he was 19. Later that year, he began teaching, moving several times to other towns in South Carolina where he not only taught in schools, but worked as a private tutor as well. Darlington took music lessons and would sing at night in one of the drawing rooms. In 1872, he accepted a teaching job in Rome, Georgia, where he remained for several years before moving to Washington, D.C., to practice law.</p><br>
<p>When Darlington arrived in Washington, D.C., he came with an introduction letter written by Alexander H. Stephens, who had served as Vice President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. The letter was given to Richard T. Merrick, a leader in the city&#39;s bar. Darlington began studying law at the Columbian Law School (now the George Washington University Law School), and quickly advanced through his courses, earning a Bachelor of Laws in 1875.</p><br>
<p>Darlington and his friend, Talmadge A. Lambert, opened their own practice in the Capitol Hill neighborhood. His first dollars from the practice were given to Fifth Baptist Church, where he would attend for decades, as Darlington was a very religious person who read parts of the Bible each day, and did not smoke or gamble. Darlington&#39;s passion for law combined with his friendly personality endeared him to many in the community, including other lawyers.</p><br>
<p>After the death of his second wife, Darlington became depressed, and decided working a lot would be the cure. By 1881, he returned to teaching, this time at his alma mater, Columbian Law School. He remained there until 1896, when he left to continue writing his law school book. The book was a success and used for decades at the college&#39;s law school. Darlington died on June 24, 1920, and there was an immense outpouring of praise from people involved with religious, judicial, and commercial interests. He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The Southern Baptist Convention voted in 1921 to erect a memorial in Darlington&#39;s honor. The resolution stated in part: "He became eminent in his profession, being regarded by many as the ablest lawyer in the District of Columbia. He was constantly before the United States Supreme Court in cases of National note" and "His great intellectuality, his legal and literary attainments and his versatile accomplishments were crowned by a gentle and gracious spirit. The Christian religion found in him a rare advocate and exemplar."</p><br>
<h3>Memorial</h3><br>
<p>There were additional calls for a memorial by members of the Washington Bar Association (WBA). Members of the WBA funded the project at a cost of $9,173. Six sculptors submitted three designs that the United States Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) received, and German-American C. Paul Jenneweins design was selected in 1921. His initial design was for the memorial to be a drinking fountain. Some of Jenneweins other works in Washington, D.C., include dozens of sculptural elements inside the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, the Trylon of Freedom in front of the E. Barrett Prettyman United States Courthouse, and sculptures for the Rayburn House Office Building.</p><br>
<p>Congressional support for the fountain came from Representative James F. Byrnes and Senator Frank B. Brandegee.</p><br>
<p>The following month the finished sculpture was placed atop its pedestal. The sculpture had been completed the previous year and it was displayed in Baltimore and New York City until the rest of the memorial was ready. In describing the sculpture, Jennewein said "humanity is exemplified by a maiden so tender and gentle that the most timid of Gods animals does not hesitate to seek her protection." In November 1923, the 100 members of the Darlington Memorial Committee including chairman Charles C. Glover met at the home of attorney Frank J. Hogan to discuss the fountains unveiling.</p><br>
<p>The design of the sculpture, which features a nude woman, received mixed reactions. Some members of the public including church clergy were appalled at the public display of nudity. Jennewein immediately had workers turn her back around so she would face the street. Hogan tried to calm or deflect the criticism by pointing out the CFA had approved the design.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>On October 15, 1966, the fountain and many of the surrounding buildings were designated contributing properties to the Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On June 19, 1973, it was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites. The fountain is also a contributing property to the proposed Judiciary Square Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The National Park Service maintained the fountain until 1970, when ownership was transferred to the city&#39;s government.</p><br>
<h2>Location and design</h2><br>
<p>The fountain is located on the southwest corner of Judiciary Square in Judiciary Park, which is where 5th Street, D Street, and Indiana Avenue NW intersect. The United States Court of Military Appeals is sited behind the fountain, the H. Carl Moultrie Courthouse is across the street, and to the east of the fountain is the old District of Columbia City Hall. On the southeast corner of 4th and D Streets NW is a similarly shaped park, which lacks any art. The fountain is also referred to as the Joseph Darlington Fountain, Nymph and Fawn, and the Darlington Fountain.</p><br>
<p>The sculpture is made of gilded bronze. It is five-feet (1.5 m) tall and 3-feet (0.9 m) wide. The nymph is standing beside a fawn and placing her left hand on the fawn&#39;s back. Her right arm is raised, with her thumb and one finger pointing towards the sky. Around her arms and behind her back is a drape. The fawn, standing on a small raised platform, is looking at the nymph.</p><br>
<p>The marble pedestal, which is 4-feet (1.2 m) high and 3.6-feet (1.1 m) wide, is octagonal-shaped and made of marble. On four of the pedestal&#39;s sides are water spouts. The basin, which is also marble, measures 1.3-feet (0.4 m) tall and has a diameter of 18-feet (5.5 m). The interior lining of the basin is covered with pebbles. The area surrounding the fountain is brick and includes granite benches. The brick portion is surrounded by shrubbery, evergreen trees, and decorative light posts.</p><br>
<h3>Inscription</h3><br>
<p>The inscription reads:</p><br>
<p>Ionia is a frame house near Trevilians, Virginia, that was the centerpiece of a large plantation in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Built around 1775, Ionia was the home of the Watson family. It was built as Clover Plains by Major James Watson, the son of a Scottish immigrant, in a fertile area of Louisa County, Virginia that is now a National Historic Landmark District, the Green Springs National Historic Landmark District. The plantation was the third largest in Louisa County in the late 18th century, leading to the nickname "Wheat Stacks" for Watson as a result of his prosperity. After Major Watson&#39;s death in 1845 the house passed to his son, Dr. George Watson, who renamed the house "Ionia" and, since he lived in Richmond, used it as a summer residence. George Watson died in 1854, leaving Ionia to his widow, who lived there until the 1870s. Following her death in 1879 the property was subdivided. The Watson family went on to build a number of houses in the Green Springs area.</p><br>
<p>The house is a -story frame structure, covered with wood clapboards. One-story wings flank the main block on either side, with an ell to the rear. The house retains much of its original woodwork. The property includes several dependencies, including a dairy house, smoke house, kitchen, slave quarters and an early barn.</p><br>
<p>Ionia was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 30, 1972.</p><br>
<p>Holy Name of Mary Proto-Cathedral, also known as St. Mary Proto-Cathedral, is a historic Roman Catholic parish church in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, United States, that was formerly a cathedral church and the first cathedral, hence "proto-cathedral", of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marquette. It is the oldest parish and oldest cathedral parish in Michigan, and the third oldest parish in the United States . While the present church edifice, the fifth for the parish, dates from 1881, the parish began in 1668 as a Jesuit mission. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and designated a State of Michigan historic site in 1989. The proto-cathedral was the  cathedral of the Diocese of Marquette when it was denominated the "Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie", which diocesan title is presently that of a titular episcopal see.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Holy Name of Mary was begun by Jesuits in 1668. On January 9, 1857, Bl. Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Sault Ste. Marie and the church was named the cathedral church of the new diocese, being the first cathedral in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Ven. Irenaeus Frederic Baraga became its first bishop. In 1865, the Diocese of Sault Ste. Marie became the Diocese of Marquette and St. Peter Cathedral in Marquette became the cathedral in its stead.</p><br>
<p>The present church, the fifth for the parish, was erected in 1881. Canadian architect Joseph Connolly designed it in the Gothic Revival style. The church was extensively remodeled in three phases from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. The present rectory was added in 1922.</p><br>
<p>In 1968 the parish erected the Tower of History as a shrine to the Catholic missionaries who served the community. It was designed to be a part of a larger complex that was to include a community center and a new church edifice. Parish priorities changed and the structure was sold to Sault Historic Sites in 1980, which continues to operate it. Proceeds from the Tower of History still benefit the church.</p><br>
<h2>Catholic schools</h2><br>
<p>St. Marys School was opened 1885. The Sisters of Loretto opened Loretto Academy in 1896 and educated girls from grade school through high school. It became a co-educational high school in 1945. The present school building was built in 1937 and held classes through eighth grade. Both St. Marys School and Loretto Academy closed in 1971 for financial reasons. The academy building was sold to the local school district. St. Mary&#39;s School re-opened in 1993 and serves students from preschool through eighth grade.</p><br>
